Enhancements to Release 1.0 of the IBM 8371

Detailed Monitoring Commands for a Particular Bridge Instance

This section describes the ASRT monitoring commands. These commands allow you to view and modify parameters from the active monitoring. Information you modify with the monitoring commands is reset to the SRAM configuration when you restart the bridging device.

You can use these commands to temporarily modify the configuration without losing configuration information in the bridge memory. The ASRT> prompt is displayed for all ASRT monitoring commands.

Monitoring and dynamic reconfiguration VLANS commands are entered at the VLAN> monitoring prompt. The VLAN> command is accessed by entering the VLANS command explained later in this chapter.
Note: For commands requiring you to enter MAC Addresses, the addresses can be entered in the following formats:

IEEE 802 canonical bit order
00-00-00-12-34-56
IEEE 802 canonical bit order (shorthand format)
000000123456

Table 7 shows the ASRT monitoring commands.

Table 7. Detailed Monitoring Commands Summary

Command Function
? (Help) Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available).
Cache Displays cache entries for a specified port.
Delete Deletes MAC addresses entries from the bridging device database.
List Displays information about the complete bridge configuration or about selected configuration options.
NetBIOS Displays the NetBIOS monitoring prompt. See "NetBIOS".
VLANS Displays the VLAN monitoring prompt.
Exit Returns you to the previous command level.

Command	Function
? (Help)	Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available).
Cache	Displays cache entries for a specified port.
Delete	Deletes MAC addresses entries from the bridging device database.
List	Displays information about the complete bridge configuration or about selected configuration options.
NetBIOS	Displays the NetBIOS monitoring prompt. See "NetBIOS".
VLANS	Displays the VLAN monitoring prompt.
Exit	Returns you to the previous command level.

Cache

Use the cache command to display the contents of a selected bridging-port routing cache. If the port does not possess a cache you will see the message Port X does not have a cache.

Syntax:

cache port#

Example: cache

            Port number [1]? 3
 
            MAC Address    MC*          Age  Port(s)
 
            00-00-93-00-C0-D0             0  3 (TKR/1)
            00-00-00-11-22-33             0  3 (TKR/1)

MAC Address

6-byte MAC address of the entry.

Entry Type

Specifies one of the following address entry types:

Reserved - entries reserved by the IEEE 802.1d Standard.

Registered - entries consist of unicast addresses belonging to proprietary communications hardware attached to the box or multicast addresses enabled by protocol forwarders.

Dynamic - entries "learned" by the bridge "dynamically" which do not survive power on/offs or system resets and which have an "age" associated with the entry.

Free - locations in database that are free to be filled by address entries.

Unknown - entry types unknown to the bridge. May be possible bugs and/or illegal addresses.

Age

Age in seconds of each dynamic entry. Age is decremented at each resolution intervals.

port(s)

Specifies the port number associated with that entry and displays the interface name (this will always be that of the interface having the cache).

Delete

Use the delete command to delete station (including MAC) address entries from the device's permanent database.

Syntax:

delete mac-address

Example: delete 00-00-93-10-04-15

List

Use the list command to display information about the bridging device configuration or to display information about selected configuration or bridging options.

Syntax:

list: bridge . . .
: database . . .
: filtering . . .
: port
: spanning-tree-protocol . . .
: transparent . . .

bridge

Lists all general information regarding the bridge device configuration.

Example: list bridge

Bridge ID: Unique ID used by the spanning tree algorithm in determining the spanning tree. Each bridge in the network is assigned a unique bridge identifier. The bridge priority is displayed in decimal followed by the hex address.
Bridge State: Indicates whether bridging is enabled or disabled.
Bridge Type: Displays the configured bridge type. This is displayed as NONE, TB, or ASRT.
Number of Ports: Displays the number of ports configured for that bridge.
Port: Specifies a user defined number assigned to an interface by the Add Port command.
Interface: Identifies devices connected to a network segment through the bridge.
State: Indicates the current state of the port. This is displayed as UP or DOWN.
MAC address: Displays the MAC address associated with that port in canonical bit order.
Modes: Displays the bridging mode for that port. T indicates transparent bridging. SR indicates source routing. A indicates adaptive bridging.
MSDU: Specifies the maximum frame (data unit) size (including the MAC header but not the FCS field) the bridge can transmit and receive on this interface.

database datagroup-option

Lists the contents of transparent filtering databases. There are a number of datagroups which can be chosen to be displayed under the list database command. These include the following:

All - Displays the entire transparent bridging database.
Dynamic - Displays all dynamic (learned) address database entries.
Local - Displays all local (reserved) address database entries.
Port - Displays address entries for a specific port.
Range - Displays a range of database entries from the total transparent bridging filtering address database. A starting and ending MAC address is given to define the range. All entries falling within this range will be displayed.

The following examples break down the list database command options. The first example also shows the related output.

Example: list database all

Note: The following fields are displayed for all of the list database command options.

MAC Address

Specifies the address entry in 12-digit hex format (canonical bit order).

MC*

An asterisk following an address entry indicates that the entry has been flagged as a multicast address.

Entry Type

Specifies one of the following types:

Reserved

Entries reserved by the IEEE 802.1d standard.

Registered

Entries consist of unicast addresses belonging to interfaces participating in the bridge or multicast addresses enabled by protocol forwarders

Dynamic

Entries "learned" by the bridge "dynamically" which do not survive power on/offs or system resets and which have an "age" associated with the entry

Free

This type is not used and should not be normally be seen except in occasional "race" conditions between the monitoring and the bridge.

Unknown

Unknown entry type. May indicate a software bug. Report the hex entry type to Customer Service.

Age

Refers to the age (in seconds) of each dynamic entry. Age is decremented at each resolution interval.

Port(s)

Specifies the outgoing port number(s) for that entry. Device type is also listed for single port entries.

Example: list database dynamic

Example: list database local

            MAC Address    MC*  Entry Type       Age  Port(s)
 
            00-00-93-B8-00-48   Registered            1 (TKR/1)
            01-80-C2-00-00-00*  Registered            1
            03-00-02-00-00-00*  Registered            1
            ASRT>

Example: list database permanent

Example: list database port port#

Example: list database static

Example: list database range

            First MAC address [00-00-00-00-00-00]? 00-00-93-00-C0-D0
            Last MAC address [FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF]? 01-80-C2-00-00-00
 
            MAC Address    MC*  Entry Type       Age  Port(s)
            00-00-93-10-04-15   Registered            1 (Eth/2)
            01-80-C2-00-00-00   Registered            1,3

filtering datagroup-option

Displays general information about the bridge's protocol filtering databases. There are a number of general datagroups which may be displayed under the list filtering command. These include the following:

All - Displays all filtering database entries.
Ethertype - Displays Ethernet protocol type filter database entries.
SAP - Displays SAP protocol filter database entries.
SNAP - Displays SNAP protocol identifier filter database entries.

The following examples break down each of the list filtering display options.

Example: list filtering all

             Ethernet type 0800 is routed on ports 1
             IEEE 802.2 destination SAP 42 is routed on ports 1
             IEEE 802 SNAP PID 00-00-00-08-00 is routed on ports 2-3

Descriptors used in explaining how packets are communicated include the following:

Routed - Describes packets which are passed to routing forwarder to be forwarded
Filtered- Describes packets which are administratively filtered by the user setting protocol filters
Bridged and routed - This describes a protocol identifier for which there is a protocol entity within the system which is not a forwarder. An example of this would be a link level echo protocol. Unicast packets from this protocol are bridged or locally processed if being sent to a registered address. Multicast packets are forwarded and locally processed for a registered multicast address.

All of the descriptors just explained also apply to ARP packets with this Ethertype.

Example: list filtering ethertype

             Ethernet type (in hexadecimal), 0 for all [0]? 0800
             Ethernet type 0800 is routed on ports 1

Example: list filtering SAP

             SAP (in hexadecimal), 100 for all [100]? 42
             IEEE 802.2 destination SAP 42 is routed on ports 1

Example: list filtering SNAP

             SNAP Protocol ID, return for all [00-00-00-00-00]?
             IEEE 802 SNAP PID 00-00-00-08-00 is routed on ports 2-3

port port#

Displays port information.

Example: list port

Port Id (dec)    : 128: 3, (hex): 80-03
Port State       : Forwarding
STP Participation: Enabled
Port Supports    : Transparent Bridging Only
Assoc Interface #/name : 5/Eth/1

Port: Specifies a user defined number assigned to an interface by the Add Port command.
Interface: Identifies devices connected to a network segment through the bridge.
State: Indicates the current state of the port. This is displayed as UP or DOWN.
MAC address: Displays the MAC address associated with that port in canonical bit order.
Modes: Displays the bridging mode for that port. T indicates transparent bridging. SR indicates source routing. A indicates adaptive bridging.
MSDU: Specifies the maximum frame (data unit) size (including the MAC header but not the FCS field) the bridge can transmit and receive on this interface.

spanning-tree protocol datagroup-option

Displays spanning tree protocol information. The spanning tree protocol is used by the transparent bridge to form a loop-free topology. There are a number of general datagroup options which may be displayed under the list spanning-tree-protocol command. These include the following:

Configuration - Displays information concerning the spanning tree protocol.
Counters - Displays the spanning tree protocol counters.
State - Displays the current spanning tree protocol state information.
Tree - Displays the current spanning tree information including port, interface, and cost information.

The following examples illustrate each of the list spanning-tree-protocol display options.

Example: list spanning-tree-protocol configuration

            Bridge ID (prio/add):  32768/0000-93-00-84-EA
            Bridge state:          Enabled
            Maximum age:           20 seconds
            Hello time:            2 seconds
            Forward delay:         15 seconds
            Hold time:             1 seconds
            Filtering age:         320 seconds
            Filtering resolution:  5 seconds
 
            Port  Interface  Priority  Cost   State
              4   Eth/1      128    100     Enabled
            128   Tunnel     128    65535   Enabled

Example: list spanning-tree-protocol counters

              Time since topology change (seconds)         0
              Topology changes:                            1
              BPDUs received:                              0
              BPDUs sent:                              14170
 
Port  Interface  BPDUs received  BDPU input overflow  Forward transitions
 
   1  TKR/1              0               0               1

Example: list spanning-tree-protocol state

        Designated root (prio/add):    32768/00-00-93-00-84-EA
        Root cost:                     0
        Root port:                     Self
        Current (root) maximum age:    20 seconds
        Current (root) hello time:     2 seconds
        Current (root) Forward delay:  15 seconds
        Topology change detected:      FALSE
        Topology change:               FALSE
 
        Port  Interface   State
          4  Eth/1       Forwarding

Example: list spanning-tree-protocol tree

        Port                  Designated   Desig.         Designated   Des.
        No.  Interface             Root     Cost              Bridge   Port
 
         2  ATM/0:0:48  0/00-00-00-00-00-00    0     0/00-00-23-45-00-00 80-00

NetBIOS

Use the netbios command to access the NetBIOS> prompt. NetBIOS monitoring commands may be entered at the NetBIOS> prompt.

Syntax:

netbios

NetBIOS Filtering Monitoring Commands

Enter netbios at the Bridge x console> prompt to display the NetBIOS filtering monitoring prompt. For example:

Bridge 2 Console> netbios
NetBIOS Support User Console for Bridge 2
NetBIOS Bridge 2>

Table 8. NetBIOS Filtering Monitoring Commands

Command Function
? (Help) Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available).
List Displays all information concerning cache or statistics.
Set Adds information to or deletes information from a host-name or byte filter list.
Exit Returns you to the previous command level.

Command	Function
? (Help)	Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available).
List	Displays all information concerning cache or statistics.
Set	Adds information to or deletes information from a host-name or byte filter list.
Exit	Returns you to the previous command level.

List

Use the list NetBIOS Filtering command to display all information concerning created name-byte filters.

Syntax:

list: cache
: statistics

Set

Use the set command to display byte filter lists. The filter-list is a string previously entered using the create byte (or name) filter-list prompt. This command brings you to the NetBIOS Byte (or Name) filter-list+ prompt. At this prompt you can list byte filter lists.

Syntax:

set: filters name-byte

You can issue the list command to display information about lists or filters.

Syntax:

list

byte-filter-lists

Example:

BYTE Filter List Name:     Engineering
BYTE Filter List Default:  Exclusive
Filter Item # Inc/Ex       Byte Offset    Pattern          Mask
1          Inclusive        14         0x123456          0xFFFF00
2          Exclusive         0         0x9876            0xFFFF
3          Exclusive        28         0x1000000         0xFF00FF00

name-filter-lists filter-list

Example:

NAME Filter List Name: nlist
NAME Filter List Default: Exclusive
 
Filter Item #   Type    Inc/Ex        Hostname       Last Char
 
      1         ASCII   Inclusive     EROS
      2         ASCII   Inclusive     ATHENA
      3         ASCII   Exclusive     FOOBAR

Dynamic Protocol Filtering (VLANS)

The VLAN monitoring commands are a superset of the VLAN configuration commands. However, instead of updating the SRAM configuration records immediately, they change the behavior of VLANs in real-time. Changes made through the monitoring can be optionally saved to SRAM. Also, the configuration in SRAM can be loaded and used without requiring a reboot.

Monitoring commands for the ASRT bridge are entered at the ASRT VLAN> prompt. This prompt is accessed by entering the vlans command at the ASRT> prompt. The following table shows the VLAN monitoring commands.

Table 9. VLAN Monitoring Command Summary

Command Function
? (Help) Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available).
Add Adds the definition of a new VLAN filter
Change Changes VLAN filtering parameters for an indicated VLAN
Delete Deletes the selected VLAN filters
Disable Disables VLAN filtering on the selected VLANs
Enable Enables VLAN filtering on the selected VLANs
List Displays all information associated with the selected VLAN filters
Load Loads and uses the VLAN configuration currently in SRAM
Reset-Counters Resets all counters associated with the selected VLAN filters
Save Saves the current runtime configuration to SRAM
Show-members Displays learned MAC addresses for a selected VLAN
Show-vlans Lists the enabled VLANs of which a particular MAC address is a member
Exit Returns you to the previous command level.

Command	Function
? (Help)	Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available).
Add	Adds the definition of a new VLAN filter
Change	Changes VLAN filtering parameters for an indicated VLAN
Delete	Deletes the selected VLAN filters
Disable	Disables VLAN filtering on the selected VLANs
Enable	Enables VLAN filtering on the selected VLANs
List	Displays all information associated with the selected VLAN filters
Load	Loads and uses the VLAN configuration currently in SRAM
Reset-Counters	Resets all counters associated with the selected VLAN filters
Save	Saves the current runtime configuration to SRAM
Show-members	Displays learned MAC addresses for a selected VLAN
Show-vlans	Lists the enabled VLANs of which a particular MAC address is a member
Exit	Returns you to the previous command level.

For a description of the Add, Change, Delete, Disable, and Enable commands, see "Dynamic Protocol Filtering (VLANS) Configuration Commands".

List

Use the list command to list the current real-time configuration for a particular VLAN filter, all VLAN filters of a particular type, or all defined VLAN filters. If listing a single filter, the VLAN to list can be chosen by selecting the VLAN from a list with the by-name option. The resulting output includes both configuration parameters and VLAN counters.

Syntax:

list: by-name
: ip all
: ip subnet subnet address
: ip-multicast all
: ip-multicast by-name
: ipx all
: ipx network network number
: netbios
: sliding-window all
: sliding-window by-name
: all

Example:

 vlans config>list ip subnet 9.0.0.0
 
    Subnet Address              = 9.0.0.0
    Subnet Mask                 = 255.0.0.0
    Port 1 (Interface 0) = Auto-Detect and Include, Forwarding
    Port 2 (Interface 1) = Always Exclude,          Not Forwarding
    Age (expiration in minutes) = 300
    IP-Cut-Through Status:
       Tx From This VLAN    = Enabled  Reception By This VLAN = Disabled
       Packets Transmitted  = 25       Packets Received       = 0
       Tx Packets Discarded = 0        Rx Packets Discarded   = 14
    Tracking of MAC Addresses  = Disabled
    VLAN Status                = Enabled
    Packets Processed          = 43
    Discards Due To Exclusion  = 13
    VLAN Name                   = IP 9.x.x.x

A description of the VLAN counters follows:

Packets Transmitted: Total number of IP packets successfully cut through from this VLAN.
Packets Received: Total number of IP packets successfully cut through to this VLAN.
Tx Packets Discarded: Number of IP packets that were intended to be cut through from this VLAN, but were discarded due to IP-Cut-Through transmission being disabled. Packets from ports configured as Always Exclude are not included in this count.
Rx Packets Discarded: Number of IP packets that were intended to be cut-through to this VLAN, but were discarded due to IP-Cut-Through reception being disabled.
Packets Processed: Total number of packets processed by this VLAN's forwarding logic. This includes all packets forwarded and discarded. For IP Multicast VLANs, this number includes IGMP Reports and matching IP Multicast frames. For the IP Multicast auto-creation VLAN (group 224.0.0.1), this counter indicates the number of received IGMP Query packets from multicast devices.
Discards Due To Exclusion: Number of packets received matching this VLAN on ports configured as Always Exclude for this VLAN.

Load

Use the load command to load and immediately use the VLAN configuration stored in SRAM. This will overwrite any configuration changes that may have been made via monitoring since the last save. All timers and counters associated with VLANs will be reset.

Syntax: load

Example: load

     Warning: This process will overwrite your current configuration.
     Are you sure you want to load the VLAN configuration from SRAM? [No] y
     VLAN configuration loaded

Reset-Counters

Use the reset-counters command to set all counters to zero for a particular VLAN filter, all VLAN filters for a particular protocol, or all defined VLAN filters. If you are resetting the counters in a single filter, you can choose the VLAN by specifying the subnet or by selecting the VLAN from a list with the by-name option.

Syntax:

reset-counters: by-name
: ip all
: ip subnet subnet address
: ip-multicast all
: ip-multicast by-name
: ipx all
: ipx network network number
: netbios
: sliding-window all
: sliding-window by-name
: all

Example: reset ipx network 3ff

                 VLAN 'Ethernet B' (IPX Network 0x3FF) counters reset

Save

Use the save command to store the current runtime VLAN configuration into SRAM. This will overwrite the current SRAM configuration. This command does not affect the runtime behavior of VLANs or reset the timers or counters associated with VLANs.

Syntax: save

Example: save

     Are you sure you want to save the VLAN configuration to SRAM? [No] y
     VLAN configuration saved

Show-members

Use the show-members command to display all the learned MAC addresses for a particular VLAN that has MAC Address Tracking enabled. Addresses in this list have all transmitted broadcast frames within the configured aging time. The MAC addresses will be displayed along with the associated bridge port and interface and can be sorted by bridge port or increasing MAC address.

Syntax:

show-members: by-name
: ip subnet-address
: ip-multicast
: ipx network-number
: netbios
: sliding-window

Example: show-members ip

   Subnet Address [9.0.0.0]?
 
           Sort VLAN Members by Port (P) or Mac Address (M) [P]?
           Port Number to Show Membership (0=All) [O]?
 
           Current Members of Runtime VLAN 'IP 9.x.x.x' (IP Subnet 9.0.0.0):
 
              Port  1 (Interface  0),  Mac Address: 10.00.5A.00.64.00
              Port  2 (Interface  1),  Mac Address: 10.00.5A.00.65.00

Show-vlans

Use the show-vlans command to display all the enabled VLANs in which traffic from a particular MAC address has been observed since the last aging timer expiration.

Syntax:

Example: show-vlans

   Enter Mac Address in Hex: []? 10005A006400
 
           List of VLANS with Mac Address 10.00.5A.00.64.00:
 
                 VLAN Type    Identifier             VLAN Name
                 =========    ==========             =========
             (1) IP           9.0.0.0                IP 9.x.x.x

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